"As we wrestle in the next few weeks over which of the nation’s schools to reopen — and let’s be clear, not all of them will be safe to restart — we need to understand this: Kindergarten through the 12th grade involves more than just the classroom.
To create safe schools is much more complex than just having students wear face masks and sit physically distanced from one another in class. We must ensure that all five of the core school-based activities — transportation, time in the classroom, mealtimes, gym and extracurricular activities — are safe.
To do this, we created a school risk index to assess the dangers and offer recommendations to reduce the chance of spreading the virus, not only among students but also among teachers and other employees.
Read More at The New York Times
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Four principles stand out.
First, schools cannot reopen safely when community transmission is high and climbing. In our view, schools should open only in places that have fewer than 75 confirmed cases per 100,000 people cumulatively over the previous seven days, and that have a test positivity rate below 5 percent. By our count, 12 states and the District of Columbia meet both metrics. In many larger states, some counties or cities meet those criteria. Even with those numbers, about one in 1,300 people might return to school with a case of the coronavirus, meaning a school of 350 students, faculty and staff will have roughly a one-in-four chance of someone coming in with Covid-19. (Many countries, such as Japan, Austria and Italy, have suppressed the virus to the extent that they have fewer than one in 10,000 people with confirmed cases.)
Second, schools should avoid high-risk activities. This means no contact sports either in the gym or in competitive athletics for high school students. It also means no band, choir or drama performances. We know that this will be both disappointing and difficult. But close contact for prolonged periods of time with forced exhalations is what increases the risk of transmission. Playing football and basketball and wrestling simply cannot be done safely. We understand that missing a season could lead to missed scholarships for student athletes. But these activities will have to wait a year. That said, we should allow outside physical activity on playgrounds, ideally with masks, and noncontact sports like track and field.
For meals it means no cafeteria time, where crowding would be likely to encourage spread. The best alternative is to have meals packaged and delivered to classrooms, which would also reduce contact between cafeteria workers and students. Schools should also bar the use of lockers because they cause crowding and congestion and therefore increase the risk of transmission.
Third, focus on the basics where risks are tolerable — that is at the medium level or lower on our chart. Yes, the classroom may pose the most risk, as students will spend the most time there and are in proximity to others who may cough or sneeze. This will certainly be the case during cold and flu season. But we think that with proper funding, classrooms can be made relatively safe.
Which leads us to our fourth point. Schools must adhere to public health measures and reduce density in classrooms and elsewhere on campus.
Read More at The New York Times
Students, faculty and other employees should wear masks properly at all times. Face shields, while not as good as masks — droplets can enter or exit from the bottom or sides — are better than nothing and an option for those who for medical reasons are unable to wear a mask. Everyone should wash hands or sanitize them every hour or so. Adequate ventilation and rigorous nightly cleaning of facilities with disinfectants will also need to be aspects of these return-to-school strategies.
Schools need to reduce class size to allow students to be 6 feet apart. Recommendations from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine and data from other countries suggest some 10 to 15 students in a regular classroom is about right. Students should also be assigned to “pods” or “cohorts” — small groups to limit the number of people they interact with throughout the day. Students should not change classrooms — teachers should — and student arrivals and departures should be staggered.
How can we do this? One step is to use cafeterias, gyms, band rooms and other spaces as classrooms. Other options for instruction might be turning to playing fields, tents and mobile classrooms. Music and gym teachers and athletic coaches could assist in teaching outside their normal assignments.
Being safe is not free. Unless school safety becomes something exclusively for the rich, the federal government will have to provide the funds for school districts to carry out these measures. Schools will need to hire more staff, put up new classrooms and have available personal protective equipment — hand sanitizer, air filters and other safety gear.
Funding will also be needed to pay for off-campus or virtual options for students whose immune systems are compromised or are otherwise at risk. Teachers too, who are at risk, should not be forced to teach in person and should be assigned to virtual classrooms or after-school tutoring without being penalized for it.
We all want schools to open, even as we recognize the risks attached. Will the measures we outline permit a normal school experience? No. But these recommendations will permit relatively safe schools and allow in-person education and as much socializing as possible.
During this pandemic, that is the best we can hope for.""
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Rolex Oyster Perpetual Day-Date 40 Platinum with Ice Blue Dial (Ref. 228236-0012)
Rolex introduces the new Oyster Perpetual Day-Date 40, having a platinum case and a identifiable ice blue dial.
The grooved viser is the cornerstone of Rolex’s aesthetic heritage and only seems on some classic types of the Oyster Perpetual collection. So far it has only already been made of 18 ct precious metal. Featuring a platinum fluted board, this new Oyster Perpetual Day-Date 40 is built using an new manufacturing process.
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Introduced within 1956, the Rolex Day-Date was the first calendar view to fully display the day from the week, in addition to the date, within a curved window at twelve o’clock on the dial : a technological feat during the time.
There are twenty six languages to choose from during the 7 days. Day-Date watches are made solely of precious metals - eighteen ct yellow gold, white gold or even everose gold or 950 platinum.
The actual 40mm Oyster case is actually water-resistant to 100 yards (330 feet). Its center case is made from a single prevent of 950 platinum.
The back of the case will be adorned with delicate bands, which are sealed and screwed using special tools that just Rolex watchmakers have access to the actual movement. The Twinlock turning crown with double water-resistant system is firmly screwed towards the case.
The particular crystal is fitted with the Cyclops lens at three o'clock for easy day reading, and it is made of nearly scratch-resistant sapphire with an anti-reflective coating. The waterproof Oyster case provides optimum safety for the watch movement.
The new Day-Date forty is powered by the self-winding calibre 3255, entirely created and manufactured by Rolex. Released in 2015, it offers exceptional performance in terms of precision, reserve of power, shock and magnetic area resistance, convenience and dependability.
The La mecanique 3255 features the trademarked Chronergy escapement, which includes high energy efficiency with high stability. It is made of nickel-phosphorus and it is not sensitive to magnet fields. The movement comes with an optimized blue Parachrom hairspring, manufactured by Rolex inside a paramagnetic alloy.
The blue Parachrom hairspring with a Rolex winding guarantees the regularity of the motion in any position. The oscillator is mounted on a copyrighted high-performance Paraflex shock ocupar designed by Rolex, which boosts the shock resistance of the movements. The Calibre 3255 offers approximately 70 hours associated with power reserve.
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The brand new platinum Perpetual Day-Date 45 version of the Presidential Band includes an elegant concealed foldable crown clasp and hard inserts within the links to improve its flexibility and long life. Additionally , a hidden accessory program ensures seamless visual continuity between the bracelet and the situation.
Like almost all Rolex watches, the Oyster Perpetual Day-Date 40 gets the Master Chronometer accreditation that Rolex redefined inside 2015. Master Chronometer position is marked by the eco-friendly seal that accompanies each and every Rolex watch and is associated with an international five-year guarantee.
technical details Model name: Rolex Oyster Perpetual Day-Date 40 Platinum eagle Model reference: 228236-0012 other details Case number: 228236 Necklace number : 83416 Leader Category: Oyster Everlasting Classic
Oyster case (Integral midsection case, screw-down case as well as winding crown) Size: 40mm Material: 950 Platinum Middle Covering: 950 Platinum, Polished Bezel: 950 platinum, fluted watch Back: 950 platinum, solid, screw-in good grooves Winding Overhead: Platinum 950 Double Secure, Screw-In, Double Water-Resistant Program Crystal: Scratch-resistant Sky-blue with anti-reflective coating; Cyclops lens with dual anti-reflective coating Water resistance: one hundred meters (330 feet)
Movement Trascendencia 3255, making Rolex Mechanical movement, bidirectional self-winding by means of a permanent rotor Accuracy: -2 /+2 sec/day, behind case Oscillator frequency: 28, 800 times/hour (4 Hz) Paramagnetic blue Parachrom hairspring Rolex winding Big balance wheel with adjustable inertia via four rare metal Microstella nuts Navigate balance with high precision realignment Bridge High-performance Paraflex surprise absorber Escapement: chronograph functionality with optimized energy effectiveness Paramagnetic nickel-phosphorus pallet shell and escape wheel Jewellery: 31 rubies Power reserve: around. 70 hours
Function Central hours, minute and second fingers Apertures at 10 and 3 o'clock display instant date and time, with secure quick-set perform Stop seconds purpose for accurate time establishing
dial ice blue, glossy, sunburst Faces 18 ct white gold faceted, deconstructed Aventure numerals and faceted hour or so markers 18 ct white gold or platinum Hands, seconds hands coated with PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)
presidential bracelet , three-piece solid link 950 Platinum, polished center hyperlinks, satin outer links, refined edges, ceramic inserts Hidden folding crown hold
Certification Superlative Chronometer (COSC & Rolex Certified Backshell)
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